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Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon (16 November 1725 – 4 March 1793) was the son of Louis Alexandre de Bourbon and his wife Marie Victoire de Noailles. He was also a grandson of Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan. From birth he was known as the Duke of Penthièvre. He also possessed the following titles: Prince of Lamballe (given later as a courtesy title to the duke's only surviving son); Prince of Carignano; Duke of Rambouillet; Duke of Aumale (1775); Duke of Gisors; Duke of Châteauvillain; Duke of Arc-en-Barrois; Duke of Amboise; Count of Eu; Count of Guingamp. He was the father in law of ''Philippe Égalité''. ==Life== Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon was born at the Château de Rambouillet, the son of Louis XIV's youngest legitimised son with Madame de Montespan, the Count of Toulouse, and his wife, Marie Victoire de Noailles, one of the daughters of Anne Jules de Noailles, ''Duke of Noailles''. Since his mother acted as a surrogate parent to the young, orphaned Louis XV, the duke formed a close relationship with the young monarch, who was his godfather. At the age of twelve, upon his father's death, he succeeded to his father's military posts and titles: *Admiral of France *Grand Master of France *Grand Huntsman of France *Marshal of France *Governor of Brittany On 2 July 1733 at the age of six, he was made a ''maréchal de camp'' (field marshal) and the next year, a ''lieutenant général'' (lieutenant general). In 1740, he received the ''Ordre de la Toison d'or'' from his Bourbon cousin, the King of Spain. In 1742, King Louis XV conferred upon him the ''Order of the Holy Spirit''. He served in the military under his maternal uncle, the maréchal-duc de Noailles, and fought brilliantly at Dettingen in 1743 and Fontenoy in 1745. As the possessor of one of the largest fortunes in Europe, Louis Jean Marie was a very attractive marriage candidate, especially considering his close links with the French royal family. A suggestion was made that he marry his cousin, Louise Henriette de Bourbon, the eldest granddaughter of his paternal aunt, Louise-Françoise de Bourbon. This idea, however, was abandoned as Louise Henriette's mother wished her daughter to marry Louis Philippe d'Orléans, the heir of the House of Orléans. In 1744, at the age of nineteen, Penthièvre married Princess Maria Teresa Felicitas of Modena, (1726-1754), the daughter of Francesco III d'Este, the sovereign Duke of Modena and Reggio, and his first cousin, Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans. The young couple occupied a suite of apartments at Versailles which had previously been occupied by their joint ancestor Madame de Montespan. These apartments were used by the duke and his family until the reign of Louis XVI of France when the space was given to ''Mesdames'', the new king's spinster aunts. The couple had seven children, only two of whom survived infancy: *Louis Marie de Bourbon, ''duc de Rambouillet'' (Palace of Versailles, 2 January 1746 – Palace of Versailles, 13 November 1749). *Louis Alexandre Joseph Stanislas de Bourbon, ''prince de Lamballe'' (Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 6 September 1747 – Château de Louveciennes, 6 May 1768), married Princess Marie Louise of Savoy and had no issue. *Jean Marie de Bourbon (Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 17 July 1748 – Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 19 May 1755), ''duc de Châteauvillain''. *Vincent Marie Louis de Bourbon, ''comte de Guingamp'' (Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 22 June 1750 – Palace of Versailles, 14 March 1752). *Marie Louise de Bourbon, ''Mademoiselle de Penthièvre'' (Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 18 October 1751 – Palace of Versailles, 26 September 1753). *Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, ''Mademoiselle d'Ivoy'' and later ''Mademoiselle de Penthièvre'' (Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 13 March 1753 – Château d'Ivry, 23 June 1821), married Philippe d'Orléans and had issue. * Louis Marie Félicité de Bourbon (Château de Rambouillet, 29 April 1754 – Château de Rambouillet, 30 April 1754). The Duchess of Penthièvre died after her last childbirth in 1754. Very badly hurt by the loss of his young wife, the duke never married again. After his wife's death, the duke lived increasingly away from the court at Versailles, dividing his time between two of his many country residences, the Château de Rambouillet and the Château de Sceaux. He devoted the majority of the rest of his life to dispensing charity. During the French Revolution, he gave refuge in Sceaux to the poet Jean Pierre Claris de Florian, who had formerly been one of his pages and secretaries at the Château d'Anet. In 1791, he moved to the ''Château de Bizy'',〔:fr:Château de Bizy〕 at Vernon in Normandy,〔(vernon visite château patrimoine 6 )〕 where his daughter joined him in April of that year after leaving her husband, the duc d'Orléans. Respected by the people because of his philanthropy, the duke was never bothered by the radicals as the French Revolution progressed. Others of his immediate family, however, were not spared. On 3 September 1792, his daughter-in-law, the princesse de Lamballe, was savagely murdered, and on 21 January 1793, his cousin Louis XVI was executed. He never saw the arrest of his daughter in April 1793, as he died on 4 March 1793 at Bizy. On the night of 6 to 7 March, his body was brought clandestinely to Dreux, where it was buried in the family crypt at the ''Collégiale Saint-Étienne''. Nine months later, on the afternoon of 21 November 1793 a group of Jacobin radicals and their workmen broke into the chapel, with the excuse of searching for lead and destroying feudal symbols, which had recently been outlawed. They smashed the armorial decorations, uprooted the coffins, and treated the remains of the royally-connected Penthievre family to a common pauper's burial, in a quicklime-coated pit in the nearby canons' cemetery. Similar treatment had recently been given to the remains of the duc's executed cousin King Louis XVI in Paris, and to their ancestors at the royal necropolis of St.Denis. The raid had yielded 1,252 pounds of lead for reuse as ammunition "to fire at the enemies of the Revolution". In 1798 the remains of the chapel were put up for auction, and demolished as recyclable building materials by the successful bidder, a timber merchant from Chartres. During his lifetime, the duc de Penthièvre had had one passion, that of collecting watches. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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